In “The Lost Island” and in “The City of the End of Things”, the future is described as something harmful to the society that each story represents. In Pauline Johnson's story, which is entitled "The Lost Island", this concept manifests itself in the visions given by the Medicine Man, in the story told by the tilicum. In Archibald Lampman's poem, entitled “The City of the End of Things,” this concept is expressed through the collapse of larger human society in favor of a colder, “robotic” age. Both texts are based on the expectation that society, both in local and global communities, could undergo a harmful transformation in the future. None of the lyrics describe an apocalyptic environment in the “present,” but rather an expectation of what the future might be. In Pauline Johnson's story, "The Lost Island", the main character tells a story from the history of her people, in which a sorcerer predicted the social oppression of her people. In Archibald Lampman's poem, “The City of the End of Things,” the narrative describes an environment that has progressed so much that it has fallen into an unlikely and even hellish state. Each of these texts achieves this level of representation by appealing to its respective narrative past. In the story of “The Lost Island”, the main character relies on an old story from his people's history to explain their current lifestyle and current ambitions of these people. In the poem “The City of the End of Things,” the narrator recalls how humanity existed before the advent of the technological age to buffer the impact of the current environment. The story “The Lost Island,” which is written by Pauline J… in the middle of the paper… whiten it with its poisonous air…” (Lampman 243-245). There are no humans inside the city, because they cannot survive inside it. Even though the city is supposed to be the epitome of their civilization, something they themselves created, humans cannot exist within it. “Once there were multitudes of men, / That built that city in their pride, / Till its might was made, and then / Withered from age to age and died…” (Lampman 243-245). Works Cited Johnson, Pauline. "The Lost Island." An anthology of Canadian literature in English. Ed. Donna Bennet and Ed. Russell Brown. Third edition. Canada: Oxford University Press, 2010. 233-235. Print.Lampman, Archibald. "The city of the end of things." An anthology of Canadian literature in English. Ed. Donna Bennet and Ed. Russell Brown. Third edition. Canada: Oxford University Press, 2010. 243-245. Press.