This willingness to overlook bullying behavior is demonstrative of weak management, not only because it fails to adhere to ethical standards, but is wrong to assume that the sum net is positive for the organization because it fails to adequately account for the visible and invisible costs of workplace bullying. Furthermore, it does not take into account bullying behavior as contagion, in which a “civilization vacuum” is created (Sutton 2007, 95) because cooperation between employees breaks down and everyone is busy protecting themselves and their positions. According to Sutton, a study by Dr. Michelle Duffy of hospital workers on the effects of “morally disengaged” bosses on their employees found that after 6 months, many workers demonstrated many of the same traits as their hostile bosses: teasing, insulting - bass and coldness (2007,