This topic hopes to explore whether alcohol consumption, in addition to perhaps being a deviant behavior from the morality of Botswana as a conservative nation, has negative effects and costs to the overall economy and the health of the country. Whether increasing alcohol laws and taxes as a corrective measure is the right or most beneficial and economical course of action in attempting to deter such a health epidemic, if indeed it is such. Otherwise, cost-effective counteractive measures can be employed that, once implemented, will preserve the country's economy while improving people's health. Furthermore, it will also examine the consequences of the recent implementation of the tobacco tax and what countervailing measures could otherwise be employed, where necessary, if the results were negative for the health of the economy and people. The current study will use a qualitative review of existing literature from across media, documents and academic resources to investigate the effects and costs of alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking on Botswana's economy and health. Hoping to be informed about the consequences of conflicting laws and levies employed, both positive and negative, and to suggest, if necessary, further cost-analyzed measures. Literature was collected to answer the following research questions:1. Are alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking health problems? How are they such and what statistics or reports, if any, have been generated?2. If alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are indeed health problems, how do they negatively impact the country to constitute an intervention, economically or otherwise?3. What measures are taken against alcohol consumption and, halfway through the paper, the health effects imposed are not determinable due to limited or non-existent literature. It was not possible to evaluate the impact/effect of other counteractive measures related to tobacco and alcohol consumption due to limited literature. Therefore, due to the outdated, non-existent and limited literature currently available in this study, it is suggested that future studies use empirical methods to determine the results and actually try to enumerate and generate statistics in relation to alcohol consumption and tobacco use . health problems and economic impact. The impact of the relative economic and health consequences of the counteractive measures imposed should also be examined. Furthermore, future studies could investigate the two variables of alcohol consumption and tobacco use separately in order to be efficient and exhaustive of all considerable possibilities..