The male reproductive system serves to produce male gametes, known as sperm. When properly timed intercourse occurs, the sperm and female egg are able to fuse together to produce a fertilized egg. The male and female reproductive systems work the same way to ensure that fertilization can occur. Once this occurs, the female's uterus provides an environment for embryonic development until the birth of the baby (Marieb & Hoen, 2007). There are, however, a number of factors that can affect the male reproductive system that significantly interfere with fertilization, and cause male infertility. These include sperm quality, impaired sperm motility and varicocele (WHO, 2014). Male infertility specifically refers to dysfunctions of the reproductive processes necessary for the function of the reproductive organs and the development of healthy sperm. As a result, there is an impossibility of achieving a clinical pregnancy within one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse (WHO, 2009). For the purposes of this article, current discovery relating to issues surrounding male infertility will be explored, with particular focus on sperm defects and dysfunction. The importance will be a reflection on new information and an overall improved understanding of the male reproductive system and associated problems. Discussion Approximately 15% of couples require infertility treatment options, with half of these cases due to male-related problems (ASRM, 2014). There are a number of factors to consider when looking into male factor infertility. For fertilization to occur, the male must be able to produce healthy, normally functioning sperm. Without this ability, the sperm may not reach the egg and fertilization may… middle of paper… and these are sperm defects and dysfunctions. Infertility is an emotional experience for both men and women. Men may experience feelings of shame, guilt, inadequacy, and frustration. If a couple needs fertility treatment, it consumes their entire life. They live each month on a strict schedule centered around ovulation and menstruation calendars, with feelings of both disappointment and hope. This is a topic that requires further knowledge and research and studies should be aimed at addressing the genetic analysis of male infertility, the human genome initiative, the effectiveness of ART, inclusion in healthcare to reduce the costs and associated stress and the improvement of diagnostic tests. It is vital that there is more attention and research into treatment options for male infertility and the exploration of these methods should be strengthened and encouraged..