Hyperemesis GravidarumBrooke LarsenCity College of Montana State University BillingsHyperemesis GravidarumNausea and vomiting are especially common during early pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester. Most women experience nausea and vomiting, commonly referred to as “morning sickness,” which is often attributed to the mother's reaction to the surge in pregnancy hormones. Although feeling sick is considered normal in the first months of pregnancy, there are cases of nausea and vomiting that continue into the second and third trimesters and are then considered more serious. When dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, weight loss, acidosis, or even liver and kidney damage occurs due to hyperemesis, it is determined to be hyperemesis gravidarum. % of all pregnancies” (Davidson, London, & Ladewig, 2012). It is described as a condition in which nausea and vomiting are so severe that they affect both the nutritional and hydration status of the mother. It is not yet known what specifically causes hyperemesis gravidarum, but it is suggested that levels of hCG and other pregnancy hormones play a role. Signs and symptoms that indicate the disease is actually hyperemesis gravidarum, and not just "morning sickness," include the inability to keep food down, dizziness or fainting, electrolyte imbalances, weight loss, and dehydration. According to Davidson, London, and Ladwig, “Diagnostic criteria for hyperemesis include a history of intractable vomiting in the first half of pregnancy, dehydration, ketonuria, and a weight loss of 5% of prepregnancy weight” (Davidson, London, and Ladwig, ...... half of the document ......electrolytes. Reason: The results of these laboratory tests have been shown to be reliable indicators of malnutrition family member's health status. Intervention: Serve as advocate, mentor, and role model for care. Rationale: The nurse's therapeutic use of self and setting and assigning concrete tasks reinforces strategies. positive coping and allow caregivers to feel less guilty when tasks are delegated to multiple caregivers Ackley and Ladwig p. 2863. Risk of electrolyte imbalance related to dehydration. Intervention: Teach the client and family members the warning signs of dehydration. Rationale: Early signs of dehydration include thirst and cessation of sweating, muscle cramps, nausea, and vomiting. , dizziness and orthostatic hypotension. Ackley and Ladwig p. 345