The Monster Study is a speech disorder experiment that was conducted on children living in the orphanage. This experiment was conducted to find out whether stuttering is hereditary or whether the environment plays a key role. Wendell Johnson was the speech pathologist who conducted this study to find the cause and cure for stuttering. This study violated many ethical issues because the children suffered psychological harm, informed consent was not given, and the subjects were deceived. Wendell Johnson had a biased opinion in this study because he himself stuttered and was desperate for a cure. In this article I will discuss the context of this experiment and the ethical violations that were committed in this study. The Monster study began in January 1939, in Davenport, IA at the University of Iowa. The participants in this study were orphanages whose parents died in the civil war and their mothers could no longer care for them, so they were left in an orphanage. Johnson obtained permission from the University of Iowa to conduct his research in this orphanage. While conducting his research, Johnson decides to recruit one of his students named Mary Tudor to help him in the experiment. Mary Tudor was an avid but fearful student who was willing to get involved in research. In 2003, Reynolds stated that Tudor's responsibility in the study was to tell students who did not stutter that they stuttered and those who stuttered that they had perfect fluency. His experiment begins with 22 subjects, none of the subjects were told about this study. They were also told they would receive speech therapy. In 2003, Reynolds stated that Tudor's experiment was intended to induce healthy children to stutter: He also told stuttering children...half of the paper...these children were unfairly targeted for this research because they were institutionalized. I believe Johnson's study was too biased because he was so determined to find a cure that would help him long term instead of reviewing the facts. In reality, stuttering can be caused by several factors, such as environmental, biological or genetic factors. In Johnson's case, he already had a hypothesis in mind and was too determined to prove his hypothesis instead of reviewing the facts. Works Cited References Callahan, T. (1998). Research ethics. Ethics in medicine. University of Washington School of Medicine. Retrieved from http://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/resrch.htmlReynolds, G.(2003). The “monstrous study” of the stuttering doctor. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.freewebs.com/pattecbhs/Articles/Stuttering%20Monster%20Study.pdf