Diabetes mellitus is a collection of common metabolic disorders. The scenario of passing large amounts of urine is described by Greek and Roman physicians as diabetes, while the term mellitus refers to the sweet taste (Barrett, Barman, Boitano, & Brooks, 2012). The name of the disease reveals one of the most important clinical manifestations, that is, sweet-tasting urine and, in other words, the presence of sugar in the urine. Besides that, Funk (2010) stated that there are three most common symptoms in diabetes mellitus, which are polyuria (large volume of urine), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excessive eating). Lecthuman et al. (2010) revealed that the overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia, during the year 2006, was 11.6%. Among the three races, Indians show the highest prevalence with 19.9%, followed by Malays with 11.9% and finally Chinese with 11.4%. Diabetes mellitus can be discussed from different aspects, such as classification, complications, treatment and management. There are two types of diabetes mellitus, namely type 1 and type 2 (refer to Figure 1). Abbas, Aster, Fausto, and Kumar (2010) stated that type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease in which islet destruction is primarily due to the reaction of immune effector cells against endogenous B cell antigens. Besides that, Imagawa, Hanafusa, Miyagawa, and Matsuzawa (2000) reported that type 1 diabetes can be further divided into autoimmune (type 1A) and idiopathic (type 1B), and this idiopathic diabetes is a classified non-autoimmune fulminant disease by the lack of appearance of insulin and antibodies linked to diabetes. The etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus involves genetic susceptibility and environment...... half of article ......nisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes . Nature. 444(7121):840-6.Letchhuman, G.R., Wan Nazaimoon, W.M., Wan Mohamad, W.B, Chandran, L.R., Tee, G.H., Jamaiyah, H., Isa, M.R., Zanariah, H., Fatanah, I ., Ahmad Faudzi, Y. (2010). Prevalence of diabetes in the Malaysian National Health Morbidity Survey III 2006. Medical journal of Malaysia. 65(3):173-179. Molina PE (2013). Chapter 7. Endocrine pancreas. In PE Molina (ed.), Endocrine physiology (4th ed.). Retrieved October 22, 2013, from http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=57307793.Neal, M. J. (2005). Medical pharmacology in brief. London, UK: Blackwell Publishing.Powers, A.C. (2005). Diabetes mellitus. In D. L. Kasper, E. Braunwald, A. S. Fauci, S. L. Hauser, J. L. Jameson, & D. L. Longo (Eds.). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (p.2152). United States: McGraw-Hill Company.