Index IntroductionFour Components of Sustainable TourismEcotourismCultural TourismResponsible TourismGeotourismConclusionIntroductionIt is safe to say that tourism brings advantages but at the same time it also has disadvantages. In the twenty-first century, tourism consumers demand greater quality, variety and greater flexibility in their travel. With increasingly rapid progress globally, sustainability is becoming a growing concern for everyone. With sustainable tourism, the importance of environmental, social and economic impacts has entered the decision-making process and will change how tourism grows around the world and generally protects resources for future generations. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay This essay will introduce and explain the components related to sustainable tourism (ST): ecotourism, geotourism, responsible tourism and cultural tourism (Edgell, 2016), as well as evaluate the existing literature. Literature review on sustainable tourismSustainable development requires meeting the basic needs of all and extending opportunities to all to fulfill their aspirations for a better life, however it is not a fixed state of harmony but rather a process of change that is made consistent with the future as well as current needs (Brundtland, 1987). Based on the principles of sustainable development, three impacts were taken into consideration: economic, social and environmental impact. These are also known as The Triple Bottom Line (TBL). TBL is a concept that expands the notion of organizational performance evaluation to include not only traditional financial outcome, but also environmental quality and social justice (Elkington, 1999). The elements of the TBL can be combined in pairs resulting in some of the popular terms used to describe sustainable projects (Marshall and Toffel, 2005). Four Components of Sustainable TourismEcotourismEcotourism focuses on socially responsible travel, appreciation of natural habitats, environmental sustainability, culture appreciation, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities (Edgell, 2016). According to Picard (2015), he mentioned how ecotourism addressed TBL and how it helped sustainable development, but at the same time it does not mean it is sustainable tourism. Since he argued that sustainable development is conditioned by strategic planning, if strategic planning is ineffective, ecotourism products have little chance of contributing to sustainable development. He gave some examples of how some ecotourism products were marketed in a way that did not benefit or socially engage local communities and while preserving the environment, their resources were provided by profitably and short-term pursuit regardless of the environment. Alternatively, many hotels have implemented ecotourism and contributed to sustainable development. They also hire locals, engage in community programs and take training courses to learn more about how they can change and shape their hospitality and accommodations. An example was whale or dolphin watching. While it benefits tourists and the local economy, it causes harm to the environment and marine life that causes dolphins or whales to migrate and even cause their deaths. Cultural tourism Cultural tourism is a form of traveling to a destination and having an authentic experience of history, heritage and culture (Edgell, 2016). Culture and heritage are often linked together as they form a sense of national identity in places and serve andthey contribute to the economy and social identification. The development of cultural tourism currently presents some very evident imbalances. On the one hand it depends on localized and difficult to reproduce resources. On the other hand, it is governed by an industry that is increasingly global in nature and disconnected from the sources of cultural capital (Valcic & Domsic, 2012). An example will be that of Sangchumnong and Kozak (2018), who talked about how sustainable cultural heritage tourism is the key element in the development of Ban Wangka village in Thailand and how TBL is a key strategy implemented to develop the destination and to prevent unsustainable practices. They also said they found that the social and ethical dimension of the destination was overshadowed by the economic dimension, which could lead to a lack of sustainability. The arrival of large numbers of tourists, combined with the local population's lack of tourism management skills, has led the community to experience several difficult situations. The degradation of Mon cultural heritage and changes in Mon cultural heritage resources can be seen in many areas of life, such as clothing, beliefs and faith, customs and manners, wisdom in food preparation, language and the denomination. Another factor found is inequality in income distribution, as some local inhabitants do not value the tourism industry because they do not receive any income from it, while their shares of resources have been overused and are declining. Responsible tourismResponsible tourism is tourism that promotes responsibility towards the environment through its sustainable use, responsibility for involving local communities in the tourism industry, responsibility for the safety and security of visitors and responsible government, employees, employers, unions and local communities (Edgell, 2016). Conscious minimization, conscious advocacy, educational empathy, and instrumental opportunism are four constructions of responsible tourism involved in positioning relative involvement in responsible tourism as a type of tourism activity and goals expressed by the tourist (Caruana, Glozer, Crane & McCabe , 2014). An example would be that of Frey & George (2010), who mention the current attitudes and perceptions of tourism entrepreneurs in Cape Town, South Africa, towards responsible tourism management (RTM) practices. Despite having a positive attitude towards RTM, companies do not invest time and money in changing management practices, and resource constraints negatively impact the relationship between what companies would like to do and what is actually done. While responsible tourism is not yet universally accepted, it continues to gain followers as more and more information becomes available. Geotourism According to Edgell (2016), geotourism is tourism that supports or enhances the geographical character of a place, its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage and well-being of its residents. The National Geographic Society has developed a “National Geographic Geotourism Charter,” based on 13 principles that can be used by destinations and countries: place integrity, international codes, market selectivity, market diversity, tourist satisfaction, community involvement community, community benefit, protection and enhancement of destination attractiveness, land use, resource conservation, planning, interactive interpretation and evaluation. A great example will be Batur, Bali, Indonesia. According to Emwati, Sitawati and Muliati (2018). Batur has geotourism as its main tourist attraction theme and contributes,.