IndexIntroductionStage of developmentTransaction with the environmentSocio-cultural challengesTheoretical frameworkPersonal identityConclusionReferencesIntroductionThe name of the character is Trevor McKinney for this assignment from the film Pay it Forward. The character is in Erik Erikson's late school age stage, which is the fourth stage between industry and inferiority. The theory that will use John Bowlby's attachment theory. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get Original Essay Developmental Stage Travis was in the developmental stage of adolescence according to Erikson when he was dealing with the socio-cultural problem and it is the fourth stage of development and he is six to eleven years old. According to Newman, their core process is peer pressure as it is directly influenced by peers and individuals follow them by changing their attitudes and Travis's physical-social crisis is industry vs inferiority. Since Travis was eleven years old, Erikson's stage of development is applied to Travis at an advanced stage of school and suffering from peer pressure and going through the psychosocial crisis of the industry against inferiority. Travis was alone and had no one to talk to, he had no friends in the film and spent most of his time wandering around Las Vegas on his bicycle as his mother had to work two jobs to live. Although he was intelligent and was active in class discussions. He began to appreciate his social studies teacher Eugene Simonet after he gave them an assignment on how they can improve the world with an idea. Peer pressure became more apparent when she met Eugene Simonet who was unmarried and much older than Travis. The idea that Travis gave to change the world was new that Simonet had never heard of, so he encouraged her idea to pay it forward, which demonstrates the core pressure of peer pressure. Transaction with the environment To correctly understand Travis' character and his problems it is necessary to know his current situation. Trevor McKinney is 11 years old and lives with his alcoholic mother in Las Vegas. His mother has had to work two jobs to help her son, but feels she will lose this battle. Trevor is a latchkey child who regularly needs to deal with himself. As a result, his mood was lifted when on the main day of school his new teacher Eugene Simonet assigned him the task of thinking of a plan to change our reality and energetically implementing it. While the rest of the class struggles as Trevor realizes that he has been given an ethical experience at the moment. The vigorous, hopeful child decides that he will do something beneficial for three people, something they cannot accomplish on their own, and then he will urge all of them to show proactive kindness by doing equally annoying huge favors for three others. Trevor begins by assisting drug addict Jerry. It gives him a place to sleep, the opportunity to wash himself, and some money so that the individual can take care of business and seek a profession. When his mother found out she was angry and curious about how her son got involved with this man, but Jerry told her that they had been having discussions and shared the idea of ​​getting ahead of it, which he later explained to his mother. This proved that Travis had no one to talk to and ended up talking to someone who lived on the street, which his mother understood and let Jerry continue their discussions. Trevor's next crucial decision to unite the desolate Eugene with his mother. The only problem is that the two of them have to deal with old tapes of fear, insecurity and lack of trust. Trevor's father, physicallyharmful and alcoholic, he returned one day pretending to be sober. Travis had nightmares as a child because his father beat his mother when he was drunk and wasn't very affectionate towards him, so he feared that when his father returned he would find himself in that situation again. The boy's third task is to assist a weak colleague at school who is constantly attacked by bullies. Trevor's idea was an act of moral beauty based on the idea of ​​kindness and helping others. He proclaimed that a person can make a small difference in the world by doing right by others. And it reveals that we may never feel the effects of that kindness, but all the world's religions agree that the reward lies in the act itself. All these great actions proved that Travis had a good heart and wanted to change the world. Socio-cultural challenges According to Lamont and Lareau, the socio-cultural level has certain sets of preferences and behaviors that define our way of life and depend on the social and cultural norms of the family. Travis's parents' separation from an alcoholic father left him and his mother also alcoholics working two jobs to support themselves. Furthermore, he had no one to talk to or discuss his socio-cultural problems that he is facing. Parents who have alcohol problems have a negative effect on their children both socially and psychologically. There is a greater risk of creating externalizing problems such as hostility, bad behavior, and lack of ability to concentrate consistently are major problems among children of alcoholics. Some tests have also found the development of anxiety and depression among children. According to Conner, there is a greater risk of developing depressive disorder in children who have alcoholic parents. Travis had a similar case as his mother was an alcoholic who worked late at night and had no time for Travis as he was alone and had no one to share his feelings with, that's why he had an argument with Jerry who lived for street. This showed how neglected he was by his mother and had no friends, so he was lonely and needed someone to talk to about him. One day he argued with his mother when he tried to reconcile between his mother and the social studies teacher Simonet. He talked about all the problems he is facing: being neglected, having a drunk mother. At that moment Arlene lost control and slapped Travis, after which she went to drink alcohol again and soon realized that her son was not at home, she called Simonet to help her find her son. Simonet had gone through similar trauma in her childhood, so she knew that Trevor would try to leave this place, so they went to the station where they found Travis. Her mother explained that she is trying to change herself and her drinking habit for which she needs Travis' help. Since Travis always feels neglected, this was the first time he actually hugged his mother in the entire movie, which makes sense since he always wants that attention from someone. Everything went smoothly, his mother and Simonet got closer and Travis was happy. But one day his father came home claiming that he was now sober, his mother fell into his trap again and told Simonet that she wanted to give him more chances. This angered Simonet, but Arlene soon realized he was the same person when he drank again and tried to beat Travis when she came to save him. All these were the socio-cultural problems that Travis suffered from. Theoretical Framework Attachment theory was formulated by John Bowlby and explained that connection is a deep and suffering enthusiastic bond that associates one individual with another over time. Attachment need not becomplementary and you can have a connection with a person that is not shared. Connection is described by explicit practices in children, for example, who seek closeness to the connecting figure when irritated or compromised. Attachment theory explains how the parent-child relationship develops and impacts their relationship. John Bowlby proposed connection theory to clarify the association between child conduct and parental figures and how they can influence the young person's conduct. The most applicable elements of a connection figure for a child from a transformative, social and individual perspective are safe places for a child. The key to emotional security is communication with the attachment figure when they become distressed. Attachment style depends on the child and his or her attachment to his or her parents and that relationship will continue throughout life. Attachment is a fundamental element in the early stages of child development and was studied by Bowlby. Lately, research has expanded to examine the impact of connection on the psychological well-being and social-enthusiastic development of young children and their continued change in youth. The experiment had shown that attachment has an effect on children's mental, social and emotional development. In the event that an individual does not have a protected bond with their essential parental figure early on, there is a real possibility that they will struggle with intimate bonds during immaturity and adulthood as they are not ready to rely on someone different from oneself because of an absence of consideration, care or trust during the early stages. This attachment theory is applied to Travis as he suffered from attachment issues as he was unable to develop an attachment with either of his parents as both were alcoholics and he was a victim of abusive parenting. That stage was crucial for emotional attachment with his parents, which could not happen, so he always felt alone and had no one to discuss his problems, problems and feelings with. So in the film, when Simonet was given the task of thinking of an idea that could change the world, she befriended a stranger named Jerry who lived on the streets. He took him to his home and offered him a place to live. They both discussed and debated the idea of ​​paying it off instead of paying it off. Personal Identity Travis' personal identity changed when his mother and Simonet were close together, which previously was more like spending more time alone and having to put up with his alcoholic mother. . But they got closer. Travis was happier and seems to enjoy watching television together and hanging out with them, as he does not feel neglected and has someone to attach to and share his problems with. Please note: This is just an example Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay Conclusion Trevor McKinney was in the final stage of Erikson's school and experienced the socio-cultural problem of being a single mother and alcoholic and the theory applied was John Bowlby's attachment theory. References Bowlby J. (1969). Attached. Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Loss. New York: Basic Books. Eiden, R.D., Molnar, D.S., Colder, C., Edwards, E.P., Leonard, K.E., 2009. A conceptual model predicting internalizing problems in middle childhood among children of alcoholic and non-alcoholic fathers: the role of aggression marital. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 70 (5), 741–750. Grossmann, K., & Grossmann, K. E. (2019). Essential elements for the study of child-father attachment: a fundamental vision on the phenomena of safe haven and secure base. Attachment and human development, 1-6. Joeng, J.R., Turner, S., Young Kim,.