Topic > Cause of death of Napoleon Bonaparte - 1831

A. Investigation Plan Napoleon's death has been attributed to many causes: stomach cancer, arsenic poisoning, inadequate medical care, hepatitis, and St. Helena's climate. The aim is to ascertain the most probable cause and whether foul play was involved. For each possible cause there are different implications: cancer frees everyone from guilt, hepatitis incriminates the English, improper medical treatment implicates doctors, and poisoning implicates the suspected poisoner. The focus is on four causes: cancer, poisoning, improper treatment, and hepatitis, common explanations for Napoleon's poor health, and evidence that supports or refutes each case.B. Summary of evidence1. Napoleon's last days: May 5, 1821; Napoleon died after a long illness, joined by more than six doctors in 1821(Kauffmann 87). He was 51 years old. His health had begun to fail in March 1821; Antonmarchi, Napoleon's chief physician, introduced a tartar emetic (highly toxic potassium antimony tartrate) into Napoleon's diet to help with his persistent ailments. By April, Napoleon was not feeling any better, and Montholon, Napoleon's alleged poisoner who came to St. Helena for Napoleon to dictate notes on his career, thought that orgeat, an almond drink, would help quench his thirst - Antonmarchi he called horchata “orange.” flower water" in his papers, not knowing the true nature of the drink, which contained hydrocyanic acid. Napoleon had toxic substances in his system that he could not expel due to the emetic (Schom 784). Napoleon, unfortunately, looked to Dr. Archibald Arnott, who after seeing the fate of O'Meara and Stokoe (previous doctors who had been fired due to their hepatitis diagnosis), and having met Hudson Lowe, governor of St Helena and director of... ... . half of the document ...... icopathological approach to staging, pathogenesis and etiology." Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology 4.1 Jan. (2007): 52-57. Print.Johnson, Paul. Napoleon. New York: Viking, 2002. Print.Kauffmann, Jean. The Black Room at Longwood: Napoleon's Exile on St. Helena New York: Four WallsEight Windows, 1997. Print.McLynn, Frank Napoleon: A Biography. Print.Schom, Alan. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1997. Print.Thompson, James Matthew, His Rise and Fall. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1952. Print.Unwin, Brian Napoleon's Last Days on St Helena London: IB Tauris, 2010. Print.Weider, Ben and David Hapgood The Assassination of Napoleon. New York: Congdon & Lattes, 1982. Print.Williams, David. The fall of Napoleon: the final betrayal. New York: Wiley, 1994. Print.