This is an unfair policy that treats the same active ingredient differently. This policy discriminates against blacks who received 81% of crack cocaine convictions (Provine, 2007, p 4). A major predictor of crime and delinquency is family breakdown, and many black families are broken up (Miller, J.,2008). Broken black families are mostly run by single mothers with fathers who are incarcerated or abandon their families. These families are more likely than whites to live in poor, crime-ridden neighborhoods (Miller, J. (2008) with less social and institutional control such as recreation centers, churches, and schools. Residential inequality created by macrosocial patterns is an important factor of violence and crime in poor urban neighborhoods. This leads to the social isolation of poor blacks and the ecological concentration of blacks and other disadvantaged people. Structural barriers include good schools and universities, job opportunities, police protection, institutions such as churches and greater barriers from organized community organizations People from these communities have fewer legal opportunities than the middle class to achieve success legally and can influence involvement in crime to find success and.