After the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, the peace agreement between the Allies and the Central Powers of the Great War, new republics and monarchies arose from the ashes of European empires constitutional. Within a few years, some European governments found themselves on the brink of collapse due to unjust treaties, weak government institutions, poor economic conditions, and citizen desperation. In this situation, the rise of ultranationalist political movements began in many European countries, but only in Italy and Germany would the power of governments undergo radical transformations. Based on a similar ideology, the political parties are known in Italy as Fasci Italiani di Combattimento (later transformed into the National Fascist Party), or Fascists under the leadership of Benito Mussolini, and in Germany, the National Socialist German Workers' Party. , commonly referred to as the Nazis under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. Over the course of their growth, both parties would achieve great successes in their countries' political systems, economic achievements, and military achievements; the latter would have marked the fateful end of both countries. Both the Fascist and Nazi parties experienced comparative growth in strength and power during the 1920s. Starting in Italy, the Fascist Party formed in 1919 by former socialist Benito Mussolini, exhibited strong nationalistic sentiment, believed in the suppression of left-wing socialist movements and the philosophy of a politically resilient head of state. The fascist party was aimed at middle-class people, who feared the rise of the socialist and communist parties, which pushed for equality between the social and economic classes. With the beliefs of and... half a paper... anyone would eventually control much of Europe. Their invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 would be the turning point of the war in Europe and would lead to the subsequent fall of the Third Reich. What would ultimately lead to the fall of the Axis powers would be the entry of the United States and the Soviet Union into the war. In 1943 the United States invaded and controlled Italy. Mussolini would be captured and executed by Italian partisans while trying to escape to Switzerland. The Germans would retreat as soon as they started losing territory to the Soviets. The Soviets would eventually take control of most of Eastern Europe, including East Germany, by the spring of 1945. After the Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944, Germany would fight an impossible two-front war to be won, which would lead to Adolf Hitler's suicide in 1945. April 30 and Germany's surrender on May 8, 1945.