Title: Sterilization by Saturated Steam Introduction: The sterilization process is performed to completely eliminate all microorganisms that could potentially be a contaminant and cause hazards (Chi, 1993). Sterilization is a process defined by the killing of all living microorganisms, including bacteria and spores. This process can be carried out chemically, physically and by physiochemical methods (Soper & Davies, 1990). The chemicals used in these processes to ensure that all microorganisms no longer exist are known as sterilizing agents and are called chemisterilants. The outcome of sterilization often depends on the type of substance to be sterilized and the conditions created to sterilize it adequately (Soper & Davies, 1990). The types of sterilization methods differ from the use of saturated steam under pressure or the use of heat, which can be classified into moist and dry heat. The use of heat is considered the oldest and most reliable method of sterilization. Some other sterilization methods include ionizing radiation, filtration, and gas injection. Moist heat sterilization can be accomplished by exposing microorganisms to saturated steam under pressure in an operating machine called an autoclave. Once the microorganisms are sealed in the autoclave, their enzymes and protein structural components will begin to change, and the changes that form are not reversible (Yesair, 1946). As the temperature in the autoclave increases, the amount of water in the autoclave will decrease. This sterilization method requires accurate measurement of time, temperature and pressure. It is necessary to clean and remove any debris present in the autoclave machine. When starting this method, air must be removed from the autoclave to avoid the formation of air pockets. Flash sterilization is a questionable practice that requires proper use (Gardner, 2002). Step-by-step flash sterilization is a method that can be used to sterilize items that cannot withstand the standard autoclave process (Chobin, 2007). Physical methods of sterilizing microorganisms have been studied and moist heat has been found to be the most effective method (Rahn, 1945). In conclusion, sterilization is a crucial process that guarantees the complete elimination of all microorganisms that could potentially constitute a contaminant and cause dangerous phenomena. The use of saturated steam under pressure or through the use of heat is considered the oldest and most reliable method of sterilization. The autoclave is an operating machine that can be used to carry out moist heat sterilization. Precise measurements of time, temperature and pressure are required for this method to be effective. Flash sterilization is a questionable practice that requires proper usage. Physical methods of sterilizing microorganisms have been studied and moist heat has been found to be the most effective method.