Mr. Brown is a 45-year-old male diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and hypertension (HTN). Mr. Brown requires immediate intravenous therapy with normal saline to rehydrate and correct his electrolyte imbalance. Mr Brown was admitted to the ward following a revascularisation procedure of his lower right anterior leg and has a history of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS), which is a combination of extracellular fluid hyperosmolality, resulting in fluid dehydration intracellular, combined with hyperglycemia, which is defined by a blood glucose level (BGL) above 11mmol/L (Berman, 2012). Andrew (2004, p57.) states that dehydration is a major contributing factor to HHNS, recognized as a serious endocrine emergency. Mr Brown's current blood glucose (BGL) level of 21mmol/L and his report of feeling weak and nauseated, vomiting for two days and thirsty are signs of dehydration, meaning John is at risk of suffering from HHNS. Brown is observed to have dry mouth, hot and dry skin, with increased turgor and a reduced level of consciousness indicating dehydration. If Mr. Brown's dehydration is not addressed promptly, his BGL will continue to increase, he may experience seizures, coma, and eventually death, which are the body's reactions to high glucose levels and are symptoms of advanced stage HHNS Katsilambros (2011, p.62 ).The combination of suffering from T2DM and dehydration has devastating effects on the microvascular system, which can cause potential retinopathy, nephropathy and forms of neuropathy (Andrew 2004). This can lead to coronary heart disease (CAD), kidney disease and worsening of your current PAD which...... middle of paper ......//www.eblib.comThompson hj & Kagan sh (2011) Clinical management of fever by nurses: doing what works. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(2), 359–370. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05506.xTollefson, Joanne. (2012). 5th edition. Clinical Psychomotor Skills: Assessment skills for nurses. Cengage Learning, Australia.Wolf, Gunter (2012). Diabetes and kidney disease. Wiley and Sons, Holdenbrook NJ. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com. EISBN: 9781118494103Ziyadeh, Fuad. Hoffmann, Brenda. Cheol Han, Dong. Iglesias-de la Cruz, Carmen. Hong soon won. Long-term prevention of renal failure, excess matrix gene expression, and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion by antitransforming growth factor-β monoclonal antibody treatment in diabetic db/db mice. PNAS 2000 97 (14) 8015-8020; published ahead of print June 20, 2000, doi:10.1073/pnas.120055097