Topic > The socioeconomic and environmental impacts of drought…

There are four different types of drought: meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and socioeconomic drought. Meteorological drought is characterized by the degree of drought during a dry period and varies from region to region. It includes rainfall deficiency (amount, intensity, timing), high temperatures, strong winds, low relative humidity, increased sunshine, decreased cloud cover, increased evaporation, reduced infiltration and groundwater recharge. Agricultural drought is characterized by soil water deficiency, plant water stress, and reduced biomass yield, resulting from the effects of meteorological drought. Hydrological drought is caused by reductions in precipitation on surface and groundwater supplies that typically follow meteorological and agricultural droughts. It is characterized by reduced inflow to water bodies, lakes and ponds, reduced wetlands and natural habitats. Finally, socioeconomic drought occurs when demand for economic goods goes unmet due to meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts. Goods that are usually in short supply during a socioeconomic drought include water, grains, and fish,