Summary By illustrating the actual and potential impacts of climate change, this document seeks to dramatize the impacts climate change could have on Australia's national security if action is not taken actions to reduce carbon emissions.This document recognizes that climate change, which can be defined as the gradual increase in temperature caused by increased production of carbon dioxide, represents a fundamental challenge to national security. This paper recognizes that Australia's climate has increased significantly since 1910. Evidence is provided to suggest that Australia has a climate-sensitive economy, as climate variations and damage caused by extreme weather produce significant social and economic costs. Climate-related events such as droughts and sea level rise have had economic implications, such as the 2002–2003 drought which is estimated to have reduced Australian agricultural production by 26%. Surveys of the academic literature reveal that climate change-induced national security implications include increased domestic and cross-border tensions caused by large-scale migration; conflict triggered by resource scarcity and increases the proliferation of diseases. The research draws attention to scarce natural resources that are becoming increasingly attractive terrorist targets. Potentially any interference with Australia's water supplies could cause serious injury, death and economic chaos. These potential acts of terrorism illustrate the need for action against climate change, as well as the growing threat of eco-terrorists waging their fight against carbon emissions in support of environmental rights. The report concludes that environmental problems causing security concerns are now well recognized in po...... middle of document ......g sea levels a wake-up call about climate change", in the Independent Media Center Australia. October 2009, accessed 24 May 2010, .• Ungerer, C 'The International Drivers of Australia's National Security', in Australian Strategic Policy Institute, accessed 19 May 2010, .• Whitten, R ' Climate Change and National Security', in Association of the United States Navy, January 2010, accessed 22 May 2010, .• Zell, R 'Global climate change and the emergence/reemergence of infectious diseases', Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 293, 2004, p. 16-26.