Reptiles, the class of reptiles, are an evolutionary grade of eukaryotes, including today's turtles, crocodiles, snakes, lizards, as well as many other extinct groups. Reptiles have existed on this planet for millions of years and have undergone countless mutations. One area of interest is: how did these creatures defend themselves as their predators evolved? Over time, evolution has caused the numerous subspecies of reptiles to develop a wide variety of defensive mechanisms including: camouflage, venom, armor, behaviors and other abnormal morphologies. This topic is interesting from an evolutionary/ecological point of view for several reasons. It provides information on how reptiles have changed over time, shows how defensive mechanisms differ even within subspecies, and shows the relationship between benefits and costs of producing the mechanism. By observing these mechanisms we as human beings can create potential benefits for ourselves. By examining how and why certain defense mechanisms developed we could predict how they might continue to change. We can examine how environmental changes have influenced these evolutionary changes and determine whether external interference is necessary. Potentially, some defensive mechanisms could be studied and adapted to help defend humans: armor scales, infrared vision, etc. Furthermore, if we are harmed by any of these defense mechanisms, we must be prepared to heal ourselves (venom and anti-venom). So how do these mechanisms exist in nature? Crypsis, or more commonly known as camouflage, is a way in which both predators and prey disguise themselves/camouflage themselves with their environment. Not only is crypsis advantageous in defense or hunting situations, but this mechanism is also the focus of the AS (1991) article. Habits of 5 Brazilian Coral Snake Pattern Snakes, including a summary of defensive tactics. STUDIES ON FAUNA AND NEOTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT, 26(3), 159-164. doi: 10.1080/01650529109360848Sering, M. (1997). Tail splashing in Eurydactylodes: independent evolution of caudal defensive glands in a diplodactylous gecko (Reptilia, Gekkonidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 235(3-4), 225-229. Thermoregulation. 2013. In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermoregulationYang, W., Chen, I. H., Gludovatz, B., Zimmermann, E. A., Ritchie, R. O., Meyers, M. A. (2013). Natural Flexible Dermal Armor, ADVANCED MATERIALS, 25(1), 31-48. doi: 10.1002/adma.201202713Young, B. A., Boetig, M., Westhoff, G. (2009). Spitting behavior of red spitting cobras (Naja pallida), RIVINA ERPETOLOGICA, 19(4), 185-191
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