This essay will highlight the differences between the modern Cartesian subject and the subject of postmodernity which reflect the transformation of the subject through different eras in time. The essay will examine the meditations and works of Descartes and Nietzsche. The essay will highlight and provide a greater understanding of the main difference between the medieval and Cartesian subject: the idea of ​​self-consciousness or awareness through the substitution of God. The essay will deepen the understanding of modernity and postmodernity with the juxtapositions that exist in each school of thought, tracing the history of both theories of how systems of thought came to understand religion and politics. one could argue, first manifested through the French philosopher Descartes, who proposed the idea of ​​medieval man viewing God and the world critically to find their absolute truths. Furthermore, the idea of ​​postmodernity "wipes away" the idea of ​​an absolute as proposed by the Cartesian school of thought. The postmodern subject therefore places greater importance on relative knowledge or understanding, which discards absolute truths, the primary subject of the human subject, and meta-narratives about society and the universe. (R. Descartes, 1947). Postmodernity also attaches importance to the idea that society is predominantly characterized by social division and identity politics. (R. Descartes, 1947).Medieval man's thoughts about the universeDuring the Middle Ages, people predominantly believed in divinity and the preordained existence of humanity with God as the omniscient, omnipotent, and omnibenevolent force. The notion of personal identity was inconceivable...... middle of paper...... (Dreyfus and Kelly, 2011, 12). Therefore, it was deduced that the only certain truth was in his ability to think and therefore unconsciously question the 'absolute' position and nature of religion, ultimately questioning the existence of God. Works Cited Tarnas, R (1991). The passion of the Western mind: understanding the ideas that have shaped our view of the world. London: Ballantine Books. 68.90. Ferry, L (2010). Learning to live. Edinburgh: Canongate. 18. Descartes, R (1647). Meditations on first philosophy. London: Cambridge University Press. 46. ​​Eagleton, T. (2007) The Meaning of Life (Oxford) Lent, A (1993). New political thought. London: Lawrence & Wishart Limited. 32. McGratgh,A (2004). Athiesm Twilight. New York: WaterBrook Press. 45-52.Dreyfus,H and Kelly, S (2011). All things shine. New York: Free Press. 30-36.