European American families who use physical discipline in the first five years of a child's life have found that these children exhibit higher negative externalizing behaviors with their teachers and peers. Mothers of European and African American children have reported higher levels of negative externalizing behaviors (Landsford, Deater-Deckand, Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 2004). The research would conclude that the use of physical discipline with any cultural ethnic background would have a negative impact on the external behaviors of a