INTRODUCTION Ultrasound represents sound waves with frequencies above 16 kHz, higher than those audible to humans. The upper limit of the ultrasonic frequency is usually considered to be 5 MHz for gases and 500 MHz for liquids and solids [1], while the lower limit of the frequency is considered to be 20 kHz [2]. Ultrasonic waves can be divided into two main areas [1, 3], Low Amplitude, i.e. the propagation is related to the effect of the medium on the wave, and High Amplitude, where the propagation is due to the effect of the wave on the half. For many materials, low-amplitude propagation has proven to be a powerful analytical technique for studying physicochemical properties [4]. Low-power ultrasonic irradiation does not produce any chemical changes, while high-power ultrasound causes permanent physical/chemical changes in the material [3, 5, 6]. High energy input produces cavitation and micro-flow in liquids, heating and surface instability effects at liquid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces [3, 7, 8]. Ultrasound has provided a method for exploring some of the primary properties of materials. Sonication offers a much better way to induce these physical and chemical changes with higher efficiencies and shorter processing times. Understanding the mechanisms that determine the different effects of sound is important in relation to its applications in different fields (medicine, nutrition, chemistry). There is a significant need to increase the understanding of the mechanisms in order to evaluate the performance and limitations involved in its various applications. This study explains the mechanisms of ultrasonic irradiation with a focus on the field of nanomaterial synthesis. ULTRASOUND POWER AND ITS MECHANISMS Ultrasonic waves require... .... half the paper ...... such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which induce drastic reactive conditions in liquid media [11]. Sonochemistry has various beneficial effects on chemical reactions and processes from the perspective of analytical chemistry. Some of which are: Decreased reaction time and/or increased yield Use of less forcing conditions, for example a lower reaction temperature, Possible switching of the reaction path, Use of less or elimination of phase transfer catalysts, Degassing forces reactions with gaseous products Use of crude or technical reagents• Activation of metals and solids• Reduction of any induction period• Increased reactivity of reagents or catalysts• Generation of useful reactive speciesIn this way, ultrasonication remains unique, since no other sample processing method can produce such effects [13, 14].